Physics Fundamentals

by Vincent Coletta

Detailed Table of Contents

Table of Contents
Introduction
Measurement and Units

1. Description of Motion
1-1 Trajectory of a Particle
1-2 Speed
1-3 Displacement
1-4 Vector Algebra
1-5 Components of Vectors
1-6 Velocity
1-7 Problem Solving Strategy

2. Motion in a Straight Line
2-1 Acceleration in One Dimension
2-2 Linear Motion at Constant Acceleration
2-3 Free Fall
Closer Look Essay: Free Fall in Air
2-4 Graphical Analysis of Linear Motion
In Perspective Essay: Galileo Galilei

3. Motion in a Plane
3-1 Acceleration on a Curved Path
3-2 Projectile Motion
3-3 Circular Motion
3-4 Reference Frames and Relative Motion

4. Newton's Laws of Motion
4-1 Classical Mechanics
4-2 Force
4-3 Newton's First Law
4-4 Mass
4-5 Newton's Second and Third Laws
4-6 Force Laws
4-7 The Concept of Force
4-8 Applications of Newton's Laws of Motion

5. Friction and Other Applications of Newton's Laws
5-1 Friction
Closer Look Essay: Microscopic Description of Friction
5-2 Centripetal Force
5-3 Center of Mass

6. Gravitation
6-1 Universal Gravitation
6-2 Gravitational Attraction of the Earth
6-3 Noninertial Reference Frames
In Perspective Essay: Origins of the Theory of
    Universal Gravitation

In Perspective Essay: Isaac Newton

7. Energy
7-1 Work and Kinetic Energy
7-2 Gravitational Potential Energy; Constant
       Gravitational Force
7-3 Gravitational Potential Energy; Variable
       Gravitational Force
7-4 Spring Potential Energy; Conservation of Energy
7-5 Conservative and Non-Conservative Forces
7-6 Power
Closer Look Essay: The Energy to Run
7-7 Energy of a System of Particles

8. Momentum
8-1 Impulse and Linear Momentum
8-2 Momentum of a System of Particles;
       Conservation of Linear Momentum
8-3 Collisions and Kinetic Energy

9. Rotation
9-1 Description of Rotational Motion
9-2 Torque
9-3 Dynamics of Rotation About a Fixed Axis
9-4 Rotational Kinetic Energy
9-5 Angular Momentum
9-6 Energy Analysis of Running

10. Static Equilibrium
10-1 Conditions for Static Equilibrium
10-2 Center of Gravity
10-3 Stress and Strain

11. Fluids
11-1 Properties of Fluids
11-2 Pressure in a Fluid at Rest
11-3 Archimedes' Principle
11-4 Surface Tension and Capillarity
11-5 Fluid Dynamics; Bernoulli's Equation
11-6 Viscosity
11-7 Poiseuille's Law

12. Temperature and Kinetic Theory
12-1 Temperature Measurement
12-2 Ideal Gas Law
12-3 Kinetic Theory; Model of an Ideal Gas
12-4 Derivation of the Ideal Gas Law
12-5 Vapor Pressure and Humidity
12-6 Thermal Expansion

13. Heat
13-1 Definition of Heat
13-2 Calorimetry
13-3 Radiation
13-4 Convection
13-5 Conduction

14. Thermodynamics
14-1 Thermodynamic Systems
14-2 First Law of Thermodynamics
14-3 Heat Engines and Refrigerators
14-4 Second Law of Thermodynamics
14-5 Human Metabolism

15. Harmonic Motion
15-1 Simple Harmonic Motion
15-2 Relationship Between SHM and Circular Motion
15-3 Mass and Spring
15-4 The Pendulum
15-5 Damped and Forced Oscillations

16. Mechanical Waves; Sound
16-1 Description of Waves
16-2 Wave Speed
16-3 Moving Sources and Observers: The Doppler Effect
16-4 Power and Intensity; The Decibel Scale
16-5 Time Dependence of the Displacement of
         a Particle of the Medium
16-6 Superposition of Waves; Beats; Standing Waves
Closer Look Essay: The Ear
17. The Electric Field
17-1 Electric Charge
17-2 Coulomb's Law
17-3 The Electric Field
17-4 Fields Produced by Continuous
         Distributions of Charge
17-5 Field Lines

18. Electric Potential
18-1 Electric Potential Energy and Electric Potential
18-2 Capacitance
18-3 Dielectrics
18-4 The Oscilloscope

19. Electric Current
19-1 Electric Current
19-2 Ohm's Law
19-3 Electric Power; Batteries and AC Sources
Closer Look Essay: Superconductivity
19-4 Electric Current and Ohm's Law on
         the Microscopic Level

20. Direct Current Circuits
20-1 Description of Circuits
20-2 Kirchhoff's Rules
20-3 Equivalent Resistance
20-4 Multiloop Circuits
20-5 Measurement of Current, Potential Difference,
         and Resistance
20-6 RC Circuits
Closer Look Essay: Electrical Effects in the Human Body
20-7 Electric Shock and Household Electricity

21. Magnetism
21-1 The Magnetic Field
21-2 Magnetic Forces on Current-Carrying Conductors
21-3 Motion of a Point Charge in a Magnetic Field
21-4 Magnetic Fields Produced by Electric Currents
21-5 Magnetic Fields Produced by Permanent Magnets
21-6 Magnetic Materials
Closer Look Essay: Biomagnetism

22. Electromagnetic Induction and AC Circuits
22-1 Faraday's Law
22-2 Inductance
22-3 Alternating Current Circuits
In Perspective Essay: Michael Faraday

23. Light
23-1 Electromagnetic Waves
23-2 The Nature of Light
23-3 The Propagation of Light
23-4 Reflection and Refraction

24. Geometrical Optics
24-1 Plane Mirrors
24-2 Spherical Mirrors
24-3 Lenses

25. The Eye and Optical Instruments
25-1 The Human Eye
25-2 The Magnifier
25-3 The Microscope
25-4 The Telescope
Closer Look Essay: Structure of the Retina
    and Color Sensitivity

25-5 Factors Limiting Visual Acuity

26. Wave Optics
26-1 Wave Properties of Light
26-2 Interference
26-3 Diffraction
26-4 Polarization
Closer Look Essay: Magic in the Sky

27. Relativity
27-1 Measurement of Time; Einstein's Postulates
27-2 Time Dilation
27-3 Length Contraction
27-4 Relative Velocity
27-5 Relativistic Mass and Energy
Closer Look Essay: General Relativity
In Perspective Essay: Albert Einstein

28. Quantum Concepts
28-1 Photons
28-2 Wave-Particle Duality
28-3 The Uncertainty Principle
In Perspective Essay: Richard Feynman
In Perspective Essay: Stephen Hawking

29. The Atom
29-1 Atomic Spectra and the Bohr Model of the Atom
29-2 Wave Properties of Electrons; Quantum Mechanics
29-3 Quantum Theory of Atomic Structure and
         Spectra; X-Rays
Closer Look Essay: Lasers
Closer Look Essay: Semiconductors

30. Nuclear Physics and Elementary Particles
30-1 Nuclear Structure
30-2 Radioactive Decay
30-3 Nuclear Reactions; Fission and Fusion
30-4 Biological Effects of Radiation
30-5 Elementary Particles
In Perspective Essay: Marie Curie

Appendix
A  Review of Mathematics
B  Gauss' Law
C  Models of Electrical Conduction in Metals
D  Selected Isotopes
E  Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

Index